Which term describes a programming language's ability to allow an object to behave differently in different contexts?

The ability of a programming language to allow an object to behave differently in different contexts is referred to as polymorphism. This concept is fundamental in object-oriented programming, where polymorphism enables methods to perform differently based on the object that invokes them.

For instance, a single function can operate on different data types or classes, enabling developers to use the same interface for a variety of underlying forms (objects). This adds flexibility and scalability to the code, as functions can handle new types of objects without needing to be rewritten, provided that these objects conform to the expected interface.

Polymorphism can be achieved through two main mechanisms: method overriding, where a subclass provides a specific implementation of a method that is already defined in its superclass, and method overloading, which allows functions to be defined with the same name but differing parameters. This versatility enhances code maintainability and reusability, making it a cornerstone of effective object-oriented design.