Which of the following technologies is commonly associated with front-end web development?

HTML is the correct answer because it is the foundational markup language used for creating the structure and layout of web pages. As a core component of front-end web development, HTML enables developers to organize content through elements such as headings, paragraphs, links, and images and to create an interactive and user-friendly interface. Other technologies listed, while significant in web development, serve different roles.

PHP is a server-side scripting language primarily used for backend development, and it handles tasks like data manipulation and database interaction. Node.js is a runtime environment that allows for executing JavaScript on the server side, making it relevant to backend development as well. Java, although it can be used for web applications, is also more commonly associated with backend processes. In summary, HTML is essential for front-end development, as it directly impacts how users interact with content in their browsers.