What programming style links data to the processes that manipulate it, rather than using subprograms?

The programming style that links data to the processes that manipulate it is Object-oriented programming. This approach is centered around the concept of "objects," which are instances of classes that can contain both data (attributes) and methods (functions or processes) that operate on that data.

In object-oriented programming, objects encapsulate data and behaviors, promoting a design that is modular and reusable. This encapsulation allows for a close relationship between data and the functions that manipulate it, fostering a more intuitive way to model real-world situations. For example, if you have a class that represents a car, that class would contain data such as color and model (attributes) and methods for driving and stopping (behaviors). This unity of data and methods makes it easier to understand how different parts of a program interact.

In contrast, other programming styles, such as functional programming, focus more on functions as the primary building blocks without necessarily tying them directly to data structures. Declarative programming emphasizes the "what" instead of the "how," and procedural programming organizes code into procedures or routines, which may not inherently link data to the procedures in a holistic sense as object-oriented programming does.