What programming statement executes a process only when a particular condition is true?

The correct choice is the if/then statement, which is a fundamental control structure in programming that allows for conditional execution of code. This means that a specific block of code will only run when a defined condition evaluates to true.

For instance, an if statement can check whether a variable meets a certain criterion, and if so, it will execute the code contained within its block. If the condition is false, the code inside the if block will be skipped, allowing for dynamic decision-making in the code.

In contrast, the other options represent different control structures that do not specifically execute a process based solely on a condition being true. The switch/case construct is used for selecting among multiple cases based on the value of a variable, rather than a true/false condition. The do/while statement will execute its block at least once and then continue executing based on a condition, rather than solely relying on an initial condition being true. The for/each loop is utilized for iterating over collections or arrays, and it does not conditionally execute based on a true/false evaluation. Thus, the if/then statement stands out as the only option that directly fulfills the requirement of running a process only when a particular condition is true.