How do vector graphics operate in terms of image creation?

Vector graphics operate by using mathematical coordinates to create images and specify colors. This approach involves defining shapes, lines, and curves through mathematical equations rather than relying on a grid of pixels like raster graphics. Each element in a vector graphic is represented by a set of coordinates and associated attributes (such as color, stroke, and fill), allowing for infinite scalability without loss of quality. When a vector image is resized, the mathematical formulas are recalculated, ensuring that the image maintains its sharpness and clarity at any size.

The other options describe concepts related to raster graphics, which are made up of pixels. For example, using pixel data to render images, employing bitmap techniques, or storing color information in a grid format refers to how raster images are constructed and represented. In contrast, vector graphics are distinguished by their resolution independence and the way they utilize mathematical formulas for image creation.